Category Archives: ManhattanProject

How to Drop an Atom Bomb

Saturday Evening Post, June 8, 1946

Saturday Evening Post, June 8, 1946

On June 8, 1946, the Saturday Evening Post published an article by Col. Paul W. Tibbetts, Jr., the pilot of the Enola Gay who dropped “Little Boy” on Hiroshima, as told to Wesley Price, a Post stringer who wrote about aviation.

The feature story follows Col. Tibbetts from the formation of the 509th Composite Group, to practicing extreme maneuvers over the Utah desert out of Wendover (now Historic Wendover Airfield), to Tinian, and to dropping the bomb.

The captivating article provides insight into the 509th from a fresh, first-hand perspective less than a year after the bombing. Further, the secrecy of the mission is repeatedly emphasized, including a poem by an exasperated clerk at the base operations who was frustrated by the lack of information:

NOBODY KNOWS
Into the air the secret rose,
Where they’re going nobody knows;
Tomorrow they’ll return again,
But we’ll never know where they’ve been.
Don’t ask about results or such,
Unless you want to get in Dutch;
But take it from one who is sure of the score,
The 509th is winning the war.

When the other Groups are ready to go,
We have a program of the whole damned show;
And when Halsey’s Fifth shells Nippon’s shore,
Why, shucks, we hear about it the day before;
And MacArthur and Doolittle give it out in advance.
But with this new bunch we haven’t a chance.
We should have been home a month or more,
For the 509th is winning the war.

Tibbetts reflects on how he felt about dropping the bomb, saying, “We’re all living in the Atomic Age together, and the atom bomb was made and dropped for the people of the United States.”

Source:  Tibbetts Jr., P. W., & Price, W. (1946). How to Drop an Atom Bomb. Saturday Evening Post, 218(49), 18-136.

The Winter Fortress

Neal Bascomb book launch

Had the pleasure of attending the book launch at the Hugo House on May 5, 2016, of Neal Bascomb‘s new book, “The Winter Fortress: The Epic Mission to Sabotage Hitler’s Atomic Bomb.”

This nonfiction narrative tells the story of the Vemork hydroelectric plant nestled on a precipice of a gorge in Nazi-occupied Norway and the daring commando raid by Norwegians and the British Special Operations Executive to destroy it.

Vemork was the sole supplier of the world’s heavy water, a key component of the Nazi’s proposed nuclear reactor, where it acts as a neutron moderator to slow down neutrons so that they are more likely to react with uranium-235. (Heavy water contains hydrogen atoms each having a neutron and proton [deuterium], whereas common hydrogen’s nucleus simply contains a single proton.)

Neal, who announced that he doesn’t read from his books, instead provided a fascinating account of what he learned, first-hand, from investigating the story through his travels, as well as accounts from the surviving children and grandchildren of the heroes.

Of course, we purchased a copy for our Atomic Tourism library.

Cosmos Club Plaque

Vannevar Bush Meets at Cosmos Club

Vannevar Bush

Vannevar Bush

Arthur Compton

Arthur Compton

James B. Conant

James Conant

On December 6, 1941, one day before Pearl Harbor, Vannevar Bush, Director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development and formerly president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, called a meeting with James Conant, Chair of the National Defense Research Committee, and Arthur Compton, Chairman of the National Academy of Sciences Committee to Evaluate Use of Atomic Energy in War.

Bush discussed with Conant and Compton his intent to ask Lt. Colonel James Marshall to assign an Army officer to oversee research and development of the atomic bomb and to hide the expenditures in the Army Corps of Engineers’ budget. Eventually, the Manhattan Engineering District would be directed by Leslie Groves.

James Marshall

James Marshall

Leslie Groves

Leslie Groves

This meeting was held at the Cosmos Club, which was located in several buildings on the northeast corner of Lafayette Square. The Cosmos Club is a private social club founded in 1878 with the goal of advancing its members in science, literature, and art. We found these buildings on our trip to Washington, D.C. this past summer (2015).

Cosmos Club plaque

Cosmos Club plaque

Cosmos Club

Cosmos Club

Cosmos Club and Tayloe House

Cosmos Club and Tayloe House

The Cosmos Club originally occupied the Dolly Madison House and the Benjamin Ogle Tayloe House, as well as a constructed building between them. Today, the buildings are still standing, but the Cosmos Club moved to Embassy Row (Townsend House) in 1952. The buildings are used by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which also occupies the Howard T. Markey National Courts Building behind the original row houses. The only remnant of the Cosmos Club is the simple plaque located on the front of the middle building, and certainly doesn’t allude to the importance of this historic meeting.

Norris, R.S. (2009). Manhattan Project Sites in Washington, D.C., in Kelly, C.C., The Manhattan Project: The Birth of the Atomic Bomb in the Words of Its Creators, Eyewitnesses, and Historians, New York: Black Dog & Levanthal.